Wells began against lynching prompted the passage of anti-lynching laws in some parts of the South, and a large drop in the number of documented lynchings, from 235 in 1892, to 107 in 1899. Following in uncertain pursuit of continually eluding fortune, they dared the savagery of the Indians, the hardships of mountain travel, and the constant terror of border State outlaws. Wells died she had faded from public view somewhat, and major newspapers did not note her passing. . Murray Collection with a date range of 1822 through 1909. The photo is from about 1893. Under the authority of a national law that gave every citizen the right to vote, the newly made citizens chose to exercise their suffrage. . It has been to the interest of those who did the lynching to blacken the good name of the helpless and defenseless victims of their hate. According to this count, 73% of lynchings occurred in the South. global concepts, Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases and A Red Record have been retained in the second edition. Thus lynchings began in the South, rapidly spreading into the various States until the national law was nullified and the reign of the unwritten law was supreme. . And in May 1892 the office of her newspaper, the Free Speech, was attacked by a white mob and burned. Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931. The world looks on and says it is well. Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches. Another source of statistics and information on lynching is the report of the Equal Justice Institute. Read and analyze the "Voices of Freedom" primary source document from the chapter titled "Lynch Law in All Its Phases" by Ida B. Quite a number of the one-third alleged cases of assault that have been personally investigated by the writer have shown that there was no foundation in fact for the charges; yet the claim is not made that there were no real culprits among them. . That given, he will abide the result. Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. Available in hard copy and for download. Wells, a journalist and social critic who had been born a slave in 1862, published "Southern Horrors: The Lynch Law in. Southern horrors : lynch law in all its phases Names Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931 (Author) Dates / Origin Date Issued: 1892 Place: New York Publisher: New York Age Print Library locations Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division Shelf locator: Sc Rare 364.1-B (Barnett, I.B. This condition of affairs were brutal enough and horrible enough if it were true that lynchings occurred only because of the commission of crimes against womenas is constantly declared by ministers, editors, lawyers, teachers, statesmen, and even by women themselves. Wells in March 1892 when three young African American businessmen she knew in Memphis were abducted by a mob and murdered. Finally, for love of country. But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the effort to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. Following the end of the Civil War, her father, who as an enslaved person had been the carpenter on a plantation, was active in Reconstruction period politics in Mississippi. The thief who stole a horse, the bully who jumped a claim, was a common enemy. "Of the Sons of Master and Man," from The Souls of "Of the Faith of the Fathers," from The Souls of B "Of the Sorrow Songs," from The Souls of Black Fol "The Afterthought," from The Souls of Black Folk. Despite her efforts it would be another generation before Congress addressed the issue. It asserted its sway in defiance of law and in favor of anarchy. . This has been done in Texarkana and Paris, Tex., in Bardswell, Ky., and in Newman, Ga. But men, women, and children were the victims of murder by individuals and murder by mobs, just as they had been when killed at the demands of the unwritten law to prevent negro domination. Negroes were killed for disputing over terms of contracts with their employers. What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the Negro woman is the accusing party. She traveled to England in 1893 and 1894, and spoke at many public meetings about the conditions in the American South. Ida Wells, born a slave in 1862, organized in the early twentieth century a national crusade against lynching. Very scant notice is taken of the matter when this is the condition of affairs. Humiliating indeed, but altogether unanswerable, was the reply of the French press to our protest: Stop your lynchings at home before you send your protests abroad.. DuBois on Black Progress (1895, 1903), Jane Addams, The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements (1892), Eugene Debs, How I Became a Socialist (April, 1902), Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907), Alice Stone Blackwell, Answering Objections to Womens Suffrage (1917), Theodore Roosevelt on The New Nationalism (1910), Woodrow Wilson Requests War (April 2, 1917), Emma Goldman on Patriotism (July 9, 1917), W.E.B DuBois, Returning Soldiers (May, 1919), Lutiant Van Wert describes the 1918 Flu Pandemic (1918), Manuel Quezon calls for Filipino Independence (1919), Warren G. Harding and the Return to Normalcy (1920), Crystal Eastman, Now We Can Begin (1920), Marcus Garvey, Explanation of the Objects of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (1921), Hiram Evans on the The Klans Fight for Americanism (1926), Herbert Hoover, Principles and Ideals of the United States Government (1928), Ellen Welles Page, A Flappers Appeal to Parents (1922), Huey P. Long, Every Man a King and Share our Wealth (1934), Franklin Roosevelts Re-Nomination Acceptance Speech (1936), Second Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1937), Lester Hunter, Id Rather Not Be on Relief (1938), Bertha McCall on Americas Moving People (1940), Dorothy West, Amateur Night in Harlem (1938), Charles A. Lindbergh, America First (1941), A Phillip Randolph and Franklin Roosevelt on Racial Discrimination in the Defense Industry (1941), Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga on Japanese Internment (1942/1994), Harry Truman Announcing the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima (1945), Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945), Dwight D. Eisenhower, Atoms for Peace (1953), Senator Margaret Chase Smiths Declaration of Conscience (1950), Lillian Hellman Refuses to Name Names (1952), Paul Robesons Appearance Before the House Un-American Activities Committee (1956), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), Richard Nixon on the American Standard of Living (1959), John F. Kennedy on the Separation of Church and State (1960), Congressman Arthur L. Miller Gives the Putrid Facts About Homosexuality (1950), Rosa Parks on Life in Montgomery, Alabama (1956-1958), Barry Goldwater, Republican Nomination Acceptance Speech (1964), Lyndon Johnson on Voting Rights and the American Promise (1965), Lyndon Johnson, Howard University Commencement Address (1965), National Organization for Women, Statement of Purpose (1966), George M. Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview (1969/2012), Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention 1964, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (1968), Statement by John Kerry of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (1971), Barbara Jordan, 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address (1976), Jimmy Carter, Crisis of Confidence (1979), Gloria Steinem on Equal Rights for Women (1970), First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan (1981), Jerry Falwell on the Homosexual Revolution (1981), Statements from The Parents Music Resource Center (1985), Phyllis Schlafly on Womens Responsibility for Sexual Harassment (1981), Jesse Jackson on the Rainbow Coalition (1984), Bill Clinton on Free Trade and Financial Deregulation (1993-2000), The 9/11 Commission Report, Reflecting On A Generational Challenge (2004), George W. Bush on the Post-9/11 World (2002), Pedro Lopez on His Mothers Deportation (2008/2015), Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon (2013), Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement (2015). Our Core Document Collection allows students to read history in the words of those who made it. Third, for the honor of Anglo-Saxon civilization. 5Maryland.. 1 Wyoming. 9Mississippi.. 16 Arizona Ter 3Missouri.. 6 Oklahoma 2 Print friendly. Wells, an anti-lynching activist in the United States, was born the eldest of eight children to slave parents. Four of them were lynched in New York, Ohio, and Kansas; the remainder were murdered in the South. Wells exposed the hypocrisy of lynching in the following excerpt, taken from The Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the World's Columbian Exposition, a pamphlet published in 1893 for the Chicago World's Fair. https://www.thoughtco.com/ida-b-wells-basics-1773408 (accessed March 2, 2023). Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900. Under the authority of a national law that gave every citizen the right to vote, the newly-made citizens chose to exercise their suffrage. The only way a man had to secure a stay of execution was to behave himself. The entire number is divided among the following States: Alabama 22 Montana. 4Arkansas.. 25 New York 1California 3 North Carolina 5Florida 11 North Dakota.. 1Georgia 17 Ohio. 3Idaho.. 8 South Carolina 5Illinois.. 1 Tennessee.. 28Kansas. 3 Texas 15Kentucky.. 9 Virginia 7Louisiana. 29 West Virginia. London :"Lux" Newspaper and Pub. The Negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, ne Ida Bell Wells, (born July 16, 1862, Holly Springs, Mississippi, U.S.died March 25, 1931, Chicago, Illinois), American journalist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s. For more information, including classroom activities, readability data, and original sources, please visit https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/. But their trouble was all in vainhe never uttered a cry, and they could not make him confess. Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. 2) History of lynching and the excuse of the "unwritten law". By 1909 Ida B. Surely it should be the nations duty to correct its own evils! And whatever the excuse that passes current in the United States, it avails nothing abroad. There has also been a movement to honor Wells with a statue in the Chicago neighborhood where she lived. This is the work of the unwritten law about which so much is said, and in whose behest butchery is made a pastime and national savagery condoned. 18. Wells was already out of town when she realized that an editorial she'd written had caused a riot. The charges for which they were lynched cover a wide range. OUR countrys national crime is lynching. At Newman, Ga., of the present year, the mob tried every conceivable torture to compel the victim to cry out and confess, before they set fire to the faggots that burned him. In "Lynch Law in All Its Phases," Wells details the events surrounding Moss's lynching in Memphis. In many instances the leading citizens aid and abet by their presence when they do not participate, and the leading journals inflame the public mind to the lynching point with scare-head articles and offers of rewards. It was enough to fight the enemies from without; woe to the foe within! No scoffer at our boasted American civilization could say anything more harsh of it than does the American white man himself who says he is unable to protect the honor of his women without resort to such brutal, inhuman, and degrading exhibitions as characterize lynching bees. The cannibals of the South Sea Islands roast human beings alive to satisfy hunger. The second subsection presents Ida B. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Ida B. Wells-Barnett - Free Ebook Project Gutenberg 70,082 free ebooks 4 by Ida B. Wells-Barnett Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Ida B. Wells-Barnett Download This eBook Similar Books Readers also downloaded In African American Writers In Crime Nonfiction Bibliographic Record The horrendous practice of lynching had become widespread in the South in the decades following the Civil War. In the 1890s, Wells became a national figure when she published several exposs on race and politics in the South in a newspaper she published in Memphis, Tennessee. Book from Project Gutenberg: Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases. Robert J. McNamara is a history expert and former magazine journalist. Retrieved March 01, 2023, from https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/. And it hit home for Ida B. [T]hey publish at every possible opportunity this excuse for lynching, hoping thereby not only to palliate their own crime but at the same time to prove the negro a moral monster and unworthy of the respect and sympathy of the civilized world. The implication of her speech's titlethat lynching had become America's lawwould surely have caused her audience to pause, and the entirety of her speech provided the facts necessary for them to reflect upon. When one of her friends was lynched in Memphis in 1892, she decided she could not let the defamation and murder of African American men stand any longer. But that did not stop journalist Ida B. . . . This is the work of the unwritten law about which so much is said, and in whose behest butchery is made a pastime and national savagery condoned. The six remaining Wells children were orphaned, and Ida "suddenly found myself head of a . However, as a forty-year-old African American in 1900, denied an . Far removed from and entirely without protection of the courts of civilized life, these fortune-seekers made laws to meet their varying emergencies. . She did much to expose the epidemic of lynching in the United States and her writing and research exploded many of the justificationsparticularlythe rape of white women by black mencommonly offered to justify the practice. Wells went to heroic lengths in the late 1890s to document the horrifying practice of lynching Black people. In May 1884, Wells had boarded a train to Nashville with a first-class ticket, but she was told that she had to sit in the car reserved for African Americans. Wells, "Lynch Law in America: The Arena vol 23 (January 1900):15-24. Ida B. Letter to the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Lansings Memorandum of the Cabinet Meeting. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime [in the South] . The Arena was a monthly literary magazine published in . But the reign of the national law was short-lived and illusionary. June 01, 1909 New York City, New York. . They lived in Chicago and had four children. However, the verdict of her innocence was overturned by Tennessee Appeals Court, the injustice shocking Ida. 3) Mass acceptance of lynching. The entire number is divided among the following States : Of this number, 160 were of negro descent. She later was active in promoting justice for African Americans. Address Accepting Democratic Presidential Nominati State of the Union Address Part II (1901), State of the Union Address Part II (1904), State of the Union Address Part II (1905), State of the Union Address Part II (1906), State of the Union Address Part II (1907), State of the Union Address Part II (1908), State of the Union Address Part II (1911), An Address to Congress on the Mexican Crisis. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute books before one southern state after another raised the cry against negro domination and proclaimed there was an unwritten law that justified any means to resist it. Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. Our countrys national crime is lynching. CONTEXT. How does Wells explain the occurrence of lynching? under oath, without trial by jury, without opportunity to make defense, and without right of appeal. Ida B. In support of its plans the Ku-Klux Klans, the red-shirt and similar organizations proceeded to beat, exile, and kill negroes until the purpose of their organization was accomplished and the supremacy of the unwritten law was effected. ThoughtCo. Seventh Annual Message to Congress (1907). In Paris the officers of the law delivered the prisoner to the mob. Life in Industrial America. It contains the reports of several lynchings and the results of an . What does its concentration in the South and the predominance of African American victims tell us? . . These people knew nothing about Christianity and did not profess to follow its teachings; but such primary laws as they had they lived up to. and more. . Lynch law in Georgia: a six-weeks' record in the center of southern civilization, as faithfully chronicled by the "Atlanta journal" and the "Atlanta constitution": also the full report of Louis P. Le Vin, the Chicago detective sent to investigate the burning of Samuel Hose, the torture and hanging of Elijah The American Birthright and the Philippine Pottage. . Five of this number were females. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931. Readability: Flesch-Kincaid Level: 9.3 Word Count: 3,447 Genre: Speech In March 2018, as part of a project to highlight women who had been overlooked, the New York Times published a belated obituary of Ida B. Wells, I. Aug 2, 2018. And she resolved to become an activist when, on May 4, 1884, she was ordered to leave her seat on a streetcar and move to a segregated car. Whenever a burning is advertised to take place, the railroads run excursions, photographs are taken, and the same jubilee is indulged in that characterized the public hangings of one hundred years ago. Her most famous pieces propelled Wells to the leadership of the anti-lynching crusade at the turn of the twentieth century. Wells (1893).Which of the following arguments did Ida B. They had no time to give the prisoner a bill of exception or stay of execution. In Memphis, Wells found work as a teacher. 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