enterobacter aerogenes hemolysis on blood agarenterobacter aerogenes hemolysis on blood agar

Reference will enhance for ident cation of Bacteria. 2nd ed. The genus Enterobacter is more specifically a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen and is sought out to be one of the many key causes for extraintestinal infections next to E. coli. Relatively large, dull grey colonies; non-swarming. 2. Encyclopedia of Microbiology. Blood cultures, if positive, can be helpful, as are CTA, and leukocyte scintigraphic imaging. New drugs targeting this bacterium must focus on this line of bacterial defense, and this specific study focused on several alkoxyquinoline derivatives or 4-alkoxysubstituted quinoline compounds. The patient was administered broad-spectrum antibiotics including imipenem and polymyxin, consequently giving rise to imipenem and polymyxin-resistant mutants of E. aerogenes due to modifications in porin synthesis and LPS balance. 6 (1995): 571-574. London: Arnold, 2004, 6. Viridans streptococci are alpha-hemolytic on blood agar. BAP contains 5% sheep blood. Data from eef::lacZ fusions showed that eefABC was not transcribed in the various laboratory conditions tested, but instead increased transcription from Peef (from an E. coli hns mutant). . Its optimal pH for hydrogen production is between 6 and 7. E. coli is indole-positive; Enterobacter aerogenes is indole-negative. Those which form this type of colony are methyl red-negative lactose-fermenters. It selectively promotes the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and aids in the differentiation of lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenting colonies. It causes myonecrosis, muscle tissue damage. The outer membrane protein A gene (ompA) and sequences from E. sakazakii (ATCC 51329), were cloned in the pGEM-T Easy vector and sequenced. Typically, bacteria cease fermentation and thus cease the production of hydrogen at such low pH levels. -Haemolysis refers to complete haemolysis of the sheep red blood cells in agar and therefore shows a clear zone around colonies due to the production of enzymes called haemolysins. Pursuant to paragraph 74(b) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA), the Minister of the Environment and the Minister of Health have conducted a screening assessment of Enterobacter aerogenes strain ATCC Footnote 1 13048.. E. aerogenes strain ATCC 13048 is a bacterium that has characteristics in common with other strains of the species Enterobacter aerogenes. Hemolysis is determined by streaking for isolation on a blood agar plate. (18). The severity of these infections thus create an importance to target, isolate, identify and test for susceptibility for the causes of these nosocomial infections (2). It tests an organism's ability to ferment the sugar glucose as well as its ability to convert the end product of glycolysis, pyruvic acid into gaseous byproducts. 1964 Feb 15;20(2):75-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02151248. Bruce, S. K., Schick, D. G., Tanaka, L., Jimenez, E. M., & Montgomerie, J. Enterobacter aerogenes is a bacterium that resides in the body's normal intestinal flora. No growth; some strains grow forming colorless colonies without black centers. Gram stain of Listeria monocytogenes shows Gram-positive bacilli often in palisade (side-by-side) formation, On blood agar, Listeria grows as smooth, white, convex, shiny, opaque, white colonies that are beta-hemolytic underneath or display a narrow zone of beta-hemolysis, Listeria monocytogenes hydrolyzes esculin in the presence of bile, Listeria monocytogenes showing characteristic umbrella motility, Gram stain of M. catarrhalis shows large, Gram-negative diplococci in pairs, By Quizlet - http://quizlet.com/5953097/microbiology-micrographs-flash-cards/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23052132, Neisseria gonorrhoeae colonies are shown growing on NYC media, Neisseria gonorrhoeae tends to be an intracellular organism, as seen in the neutrophil above, N. gonorrhoeae are Gram-negative diplococci (pairs) that are shaped like kidney beans or coffee beans that face each other, The preferred medium for N. gonorrhoeae is Thayer-Martin or Modified Thayer-Martin or Martin-Lewis formulations, since they include antibiotics that inhibit the growth of most other organisms. | Privacy Policy, Terms of Use and State Disclosures. Proteus mirabilis on blood agar - for most strains of P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris is typical their ability to swarm (RAUSS phenomenon) over the surfaces of solid cultivation media (the spreading growth covers other organisms in the culture and thus . Learn how your comment data is processed. In contrast, Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae are MR- and VP+. MacConkey Agar: Term [image] Definition. Diagnostic Microbiology, 4th ed. Indole (+)* Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter diversus, Edwardsiella tarda. Additionally, with Enterobacter aerogenes, 87% and 90% with serovar Typhimurium, and 85% and 88% with Shigella flexneri. If no hemolysis occurs, this is termed gamma-hemolysis. De Gheldre, Y. These multiresistant strains have caused outbreaks in intensive care units (ICUs) in Belgium, France, Austria, and the United States and has further become more emergent than its sister species E. cloacaw (12). Abdominal Aortitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes A Case Report and Review. Tiny, Gram-negative diplococci characteristic of N. meningitidis; http://virtuallab.apa.uoit.ca/photos/img-3129.jpg, http://microbe-canvas.com/Bacteria/gram-negative-rods/facultative-anaerobic-3/catalase-positive-3/oxidase-positive/indole-positive-3/pasteurella-multocida.html, http://people.upei.ca/jlewis/2B2_Pasteurella_multocida_100X.jpg, http://www.infoescola.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Pasteurella_multocida.jpg, https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/695/flashcards/2374695/png/pasteurella_multocida-141C5BE4259016D5B16.png, Gram-stain of Peptococcus shows Gram-positive cocci as singles, pairs, tetrads, short chains, and irregular masses, http://microbe-canvas.com/Bacteria/gram-negative-rods/facultative-anaerobic-3/catalase-positive-3/oxidase-positive/indole-positive-3/plesiomonas-shigelloides.html, https://germsandworms.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/aeromonas.jpg, http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/upload/a2804849.jpg, Prevotella melaninogenica produces black colonies on blood agar, Pleomorphic Gram-negative bacilli representative of Prevotella species, Pleomorphic Gram-negative bacilli characteristic of Prevotella species, Prevotella (GNR) mixed with Peptostreptococcus and Peptoniphilus in a mixed, anaerobic culture, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=716076, By HansN. in Microbiology from St. Xavier's College, Kathmandu, Nepal. 2023 Microbe Notes. Parts of this page were created by Tiffany M. Liu, a student of Professor Rachel Larsen at the University of California, San Diego. Dowell, Jr. - CDC http://phil.cdc.gov/phil_images/20030203/6/PHIL_3084_lores.jpgother version:This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #3084.Note: Not all PHIL images are public domain; be sure to check copyright status and credit authors and content providers.English| Slovenina| +/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=743568, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bacteroides_fragilis_on_Fastidious_Anaerobe_Agar_-_Sensitive_to_Metronidazole.jpg/1920px-Bacteroides_fragilis_on_Fastidious_Anaerobe_Agar_-_Sensitive_to_Metronidazole.jpg, By Stefan Walkowski - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38972261, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Bergeyella_zoohelcum.jpg, Bifidobacterium are Gram-positive diphtheroids that are highly irregular, branching, curved rods whose ends terminate in clubs or forked ends like dog bones, Bifidobacterium colonies on Nutrient Agar (NA), By CDC Public Health Image Library - This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #2121.Note: Not all PHIL images are public domain; be sure to check copyright status and credit authors and content providers.English| Slovenina| +/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=973324, By Nathan Reading from Halesowen, UK - Bordetella pertussis on Charcoal Agar, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18939711, By CDC - This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #2116.Note: Not all PHIL images are public domain; be sure to check copyright status and credit authors and content providers.English| Slovenina| +/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=903888, By Kubo Michal, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11413738, Gram stain of C. jejuni shows Gram-negative "gull wing", curved rods, Capnocytophaga often creates orange-pigmented colonies on chocolate agar (CHOC), By CDC/ Dr. W.A. Partially inhibited; Cream to pink-colored colonies. Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar is a selective and differential culture medium. This organism has a sweet, "caramel" scent to it, which is very distinct. As a microbiologist, you will mainly be looking for this organism on the respiratory bench. Other tests possible to differentiate these are Coagulase / Hemolysis on Blood Agar and Mannitol fermentation for all of these Staphyloccus aureus will be positive. Greenwood, David; Richard C.B. By Nathan Reading from Halesowen, UK [CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons, By NaraPandora - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17202965, S. agalactiae is CAMP test positive and will form a wedge (arrow-like) when streaked toward S. aureus;By Blueiridium - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14616955, GBS forms orange colonies on Granada medium;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/S_agalactiae_vagino-rectal_culture_GRANADA.png. . Circular, flat, entire red colored colonies. The medium was poured into the plates and after solidify the medium; in center of each plate one well was bored with borer (6mm . Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacillus stearothermophilus Serratia marcescens 2. Infants, the elderly, and those who are in the terminal stages of other disease or are immunosuppressed are prime candidates for such infections (9). For Reference you can see: Levine M. "Differentiation of E. coli and B. aerogens on a . Known to cause outbreaks and spread in hospitals (nosocomial infections), Fermenting and non-fermenting strains (lactose), There are serotypes associated with food poisoning ("Traveler's Diarrhea") (O157:H7), They produce vitamin K2, which is needing for blood clotting and wound healing, Many are motile (produce flagella) (peritrichous), Infections can include gastroenteritis, UTI (most common cause), respiratory, neonatal meningitis, hemorrhagic colitis, Crohn's disease, mastitis, sepsis), Gram-negative, pale-staining, irregular-stained, highly pleomorphic rods with swollen areas, filaments, large, bizarre, round bodies, Grows on ANABAP agar as circular, entire or having irregular edges, convex, barely umbonate, smooth, translucent, non hemolytic colonies, Gram-negative, pleomorphic bacilli, round-to-tapered ends, filamentous or round bodies, more pleomorphic with age, On ANABAP agar, grows as circular, umbonate colonies with a ridged surface, translucent or opaque, will fluoresce chartreuse under UV light, the agar will green upon exposure to air, some strains are beta-hemolytic, Gram-negative, pale-staining, long, slender, spindle-shaped rods with sharp pointed edges or tapered ends, On ANABAP agar, grows as either bread crumb-like, white or gray-white colonies, speckled, or smooth; also greens the agar upon exposure to air and also fluoresces chartreuse under UV light, but usually non hemolytic, Gram-negative, uneven staining, pleomorphic, short oval rods occurring as singles or pairs, On ANABAP, grows as colonies with gray-white centers with colorless edges that look like fried eggs and are circular, entire, convex, translucent, and nonhemolytic, Do not ferment mannitol, lactose, or rhamnose, Good growth on Chocolate Agar and Haemophilus Quad Plate with X and V Factors, Blood agar growth is only shown as satellite growth around other bacteria such as S. aureus (tiny smooth, transparent, translucent or grey convex colonies), Incubate in 37 degrees C in a CO2 incubator, Encapsulated (a, b, c, d, e, f) and unencapsulated strains, Hib substraincan cause epiglottitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and acute bacterial meningitis and there is a vaccination for this subtype, This is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in unvaccinated children, Some strains cause cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and infectious arthritis, Upper respiratory infection with fever leading to wheezing and bronchitis, Second or third generation cephalosporins, Part of the commensal flora of the human GI tract, but can occasionally cause infection in the immunocompromised or can cause a UTI, Curved, spiral, corkscrew or straight, slightly plum Gram-negative rods, Tests include rapid urease (Clotest), culture, direct antigen test, serology testing, urea breath test and confirmation by gastric biopsy, Gram-negative bacilli (short, thick rods), Grow at 35-37 degrees Celsius with a pH of 7.2, Can cause UTIs, pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, diarrhea, soft tissue and wound infections, medical device biofilm and infection, Causative agent of the pneumonia-like illness known as Legionnaire's Disease, Causative agent of the mild flu-like illness known as Pontiac Fever, Growth on Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar (BCYE), Common in soil and aquatic systems and spread through the air vents, May be identified using a Legionella Urinary Antigen Test, culture, DNA probe, or PCR, Large, spherical cocci arranged in tetrads, pairs or singles or clusters, Gemella spp (normal flora of the human oral and upper respiratory tracts), Large, spherical cocci arranged in tetrads, pairs or singles, clusters, Cocci in singles pairs, chains or clusters, Gram-positive bacilli, showing pallisades formation, Gram-negative coccobacilli (large) or diplococci or singles, tetrads or clumps, usually in "coffee bean" pair formation, Can cause lower respiratory infection and pneumonia, Very rarely causes bacteremia or meningitis, M. lacunata causes blepharoconjunctivitis in humans, Can cause nosocomial infections, post-surgical, UTI infections, wound infection, post-surgical infection, peritonitis, CNS infection, endolphthalmitis, pneumonia, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, pyomyosititis, arthritis, necrotizing fasciitis, Off-white, opaque, medium colonies, smooth, convex, pinpoint white centers, shiny, Motile but some nonmotile at 30 degrees C, Gram-negative diplococci shaped like 2 kidney beans or coffee beans facing each other, Grow on Chocolate Agar, Thayer Martin, Martin Lewis, MTM, NYC medium, JEMBEC system, Nonmotile (has no flagella, but does produce twitching motility due to pili), In the sugars test, only ferments glucose, Protein II is an adhesin that enables the bacterium to stick to mucosa, Cultures, Gram-stain, and nucleic acid probe aid in identification, 5-10% of adults may carry this organism in their nares (asymptomatic carriers), Minimum of 48-72 hours turnaround time and up to a week for serotyping, Causes blood vessel destruction, hemorrhage, sepsis, skin rash as tiny, round, red dots called petechiae, Can damage the adrenal glands of the kidneys, IgA1 protease (destroys IgA of the immune system), Iron-chelater (steals iron from the host), CSF culture, Gram-stain, and latex agglutination test aid in identification, Fluoroquinolone with Metronidazole or clindamycin, Gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli (small, ellipsoidal to elongated rods) in singles, pairs, and chains (rarely), Bipolar staining ("safety pin" appearance), Causes cellulitis, swelling, pus and drainage, possible arthritis, possible abscess, Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci occurring singly and in pairs, tetrads, irregular masses, Produces tiny, convex, shiny, smooth, circular, black or light gray colonies on ANABAP, Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci or large coccobacilli, often in chains; larger than most other anaerobic cocci, Growth is medium gray-white, translucent-to-opaque, nonhemolyticcolonies with a sweet or fetid odor, Smells sweetand putrid at the same time, GNR (straight) in singles, pairs, and short-to-long chains (pleomorphism in young colonies), Very motile, especially at 25 degrees Celsius (but may be absent or weak at 37 degrees Celsius), Indole negative (NOTE: some strains may produce indole), Associated with urinary catheter-associated UTI, Has been known to cause sinus infection or respiratory infection, Causative agent of UTI (urinary catheter-associated), P. stuartii and P. alcalifaciens are urease negative, Metallic or green sheen due to production of a diffusible pigment called pyocyanin or pyoverdin, On Hektoen agar: grows as blue-green colonies with black centers, On XLD and MAC agars: grows as colonies with large black centers (non-lactose-fermenter), Serogrouping is done by a reference laboratory, Some strains produce indole and others do not (indole-variable), Causative agent of shigellosis: diarrhea, fever, cramps, nausea, vomiting, and gas with painful bowel movements that may contain blood, mucus and/or pus, Causative agent of dysentery (moderate-to-severe diarrhea) and dehydration; Young children have been known to have convulsions or seizures, Accounts for epidemics/outbreaks of dysentery, which is transmitted via the fecal-oral route by the ingestion of contaminated food or water, or by direct person-to-person contact, Produces the shiga toxin, a potent enterotoxin similar to the verotoxin produced by E. coli O157:H7 strain, which is linked to the fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), Does not ferment mannitol, sucrose, xylose, or raffinose, Fecal leukocyte stain is positive for presence of leukocytes and red blood cells, Most frequently isolated in culture worldwide, Accounts for about 60% of cases in the developing world, Produces 2 potent toxins: ShET 1 and ShET2, Accounts for about 77% of cases in the developed world and about 15% in the developed world, Gram-positive cocci in clusters (tetrads and sarcinae when dividing), Staphaurex latex test positive (clumping) most of the time, but not always, Ferments mannitol to produce bright yellow colonies on MSA, Normal flora of the skin, nose, respiratory tract (commensal), Causes opportunistic infections (skin, respiratory, urinary tract, sepsis/bacteremia, wound, sinusitis, food poisoning), so every bench will encounter and work up this organism, Responsible for infections such as pimples, boils, folliculitis, carbuncles, furuncles, cellulitis, abscesses, scalded skin syndrome, Linked to life-threatening illnesses, including pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, sepsis, Linked to nosocomial infections, especially post-surgical wound infections and septic arthritis, Linked to food poisoning, and incubation period is just 1-6 hours after eating contaminated food, with illness lasting 30 minutes to 3 days. 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