Small businesses . How do state and local severance taxes work? Transfers for education programs account for over two-thirds of state government transfers to localities. G$\0#?; /CS /DeviceRGB /Resources << I. I. ntroduction 1 0 obj The authentic confucius: A life of thought and politics. Based on option B; 72 respondents (38.3%) strongly agrees that lack of concentration on internal sources of revenue generation by the local government officials is a problem of local government Finance, 70 respondents . Keywords: Local Government, Administration, Finance, Decentralization, Nigeria, Iwo Introduction One area which has remained neglected over time by the local governments in Nigeria is revenue generation. Please try again later. Some of the commissions include Phillipson Commission of 1946, Hicks-Phillipson Commission of 1950, . What is return-free filing and how would it work? /F2 21 0 R /Resources << Would a national retail sales tax simplify the tax code? /GS7 17 0 R /StructParents 2 /Type /Page Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. /S /Transparency What would the tax rate be under a national retail sales tax? How do state estate and inheritance taxes work? 5366 0 obj<>stream 2y.-;!KZ ^i"L0- @8(r;q7Ly&Qq4j|9 7 What are the major federal payroll taxes, and how much money do they raise? /Resources << What would be the effect of a national retail sales tax on economic growth? In Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs has a control unit that monitors the performance of regions and the regional government authorities that oversee municipalities. %PDF-1.5 Small Business Effect: Potential meaningful. endobj What tax incentives exist to help families save for education expenses? /Type /Group In 2020 and 2021, Congress transferred a large amount of funds to local governments as part of the CARES Act, the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act (part of the December 2020 omnibus bill), and the American Rescue Plan. /Group << How are different consumption taxes related? What is the history of the federal budget process? /Meta62 60 0 R . /Parent 2 0 R 4 0 obj It is as easy to achieve fiscal decentralization under a unitary system of government as under a federal system. /Contents 67 0 R (2006). Cities use fines as both a deterrent for behavior at odds with the public goodfor example, the accumulation and nondisposal of garbage or building construction without a temporary fenceand a revenue source. What is the experience of other countries with national retail sales taxes? (2009). 3 0 obj Lucy Dadayan (reports are updated quarterly), Surveying State Leaders on the State of State Taxes Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), 1(10), 2435. Assessing Fiscal Capacities of States: A Representative Revenue SystemRepresentative Expenditure System Approach, Fiscal Year 2012. Washington DC: Urban Institute. /Contents [14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R] How do state earned income tax credits work? OECD fiscal decentralization database (object name Table 12: 1970 2016), OECD, accessed April 15, 2019, oecd.org. Strategic control and revenue generation: A critical success factor in local government using the balanced scorecard. /F1 20 0 R /F2 21 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] (Sources of state general revenue do not sum to 100 percent because of rounding.). Uhunmwuangho, S. O., & Aibieyi, S. (2013, July). % /CS /DeviceRGB Sarah Jindra, Chicagos ticket amnesty program begins today, WGN9, November 10, 2015, wgntv.com. For existing land lease contracts, cities could maximize value through renegotiation or cancellation and retender based on tenant response. How would the tax system need to change with return-free filing? - 185.64.219.103. 12 0 obj /GS31 30 0 R As a local government leader, you're pressed to keep up with the immediate needs of your community during the COVID-19 crisis. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] an increment in revenue generation capacity of MMDAs (Ohemeng & OfosuDarkwah, 2014), the notion that egovernment enhances revenue capacity of state institutions is contentious and needs further investigation. A review of revenue generation in Nigeria local government: A case study of Ekiti State. And what is feasible to achieve? What are the sources of revenue for local governments? A citizens guide to the fascinating (though often complex) elements of the US tax system. Revenue generation as a major source of income for the state government: An empirical analysis of two parastatals. /Type /Group How do taxes affect the economy in the short run? /Tabs /S %%EOF Local Effect: Beginning FY 2024, revenues potentially decrease for local governments that own and operate facilities that use the energy sources removed from the RPS, as discussed below. 5. /GS7 17 0 R www.iiste.org. What is the Canadian experience with a VAT? <>>> Eneanya, A. N. (2012). /Font << 3 <> This applies to administrative services as well as other city services such as utility provision. Who bears the burden of the corporate income tax? The Nigerian political system is of a federal one which implies that all the three tiers of government should each function to provide good, /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Intergovernmental transfers accounted for 36 percent of local general revenue in 2017 (figure 1). jzz^Q@I9AhTu>GpLs9KL~z]?'PI c&>/uJ9RaUm0XJ|dI3O\Yo^m\l*oGdhe)d=j <>>> >> /GS31 30 0 R Revenue: Sources of revenue to local and state governments in Nigeria (in) state and local government in Nigeria: The changing scene. First, to identify the relevant revenue streams and which interventions to apply, cities should determine the relevant data and revenue baselines. Never miss an insight. For cities and counties, property tax revenue makes up 61% of own-source tax revenuerevenue from taxes the local government leviesby far their largest tax source. 2 0 obj /Tabs /S /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] >> 8. How have the sources of revenue for state and local governments changed over time? Cities that want to implement new charges will be more likely to build public support if such measures both induce positive behavior and have a clear, equitable, and risk-averse public benefit. 2016. /Font << What did the Presidents Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform say about the national retail sales tax? How does the tax system subsidize child care expenses? /F1 20 0 R Lack of proper provision and maintenance of social amenities, lack of well-trained staff especially revenue staff and so on are some of the results of lack of proper funding of local government in Nigeria. /Meta58 47 0 R Who bears the burden of federal excise taxes? /Group << fPU1"kVVY%9kgi=IIbjm_l g$+pVS?Fn!:El0L4m^. 11 0 obj >> >> Cities could also increase value from unused land plots through monetizing them either as lease contracts or through other more innovative publicprivate partnership structures, such as joint development agreements or joint ventures (Exhibit 4). What would and would not be taxed under a VAT? endobj (2006). The final 34 percent of local government general revenue came from intergovernmental transfers. /Resources << Furthermore, the funding that municipalities receive from other government entities is decreasing. Tax is however, a compulsory levy imposed by government on individuals and companies for various legitimate functions of the state (Olaoye, 2008). /F2 21 0 R How does the federal budget process work? << This was localities largest single source of tax revenue. How do flexible spending accounts for health care expenses work? Municipalities often levy charges and taxes on property owners as well as on income, sales, and other transactions. /XObject << What is the difference between marginal and average tax rates? >> What are itemized deductions and who claims them? /F6 41 0 R /XObject << Miscellaneous sources, such as special assessments, provided 7 percent of state general revenue. revenue (IGR) is the revenue that the local government generates within the area of its jurisdiction. The percentage fell to a low of 8.0 percent in 1984 and peaked at 9.9 percent in 2009. Today, the LGDF receives only 6.06% of total personal income tax the state receives, a reduction . How does the federal tax system affect low-income households? 1 0 obj /Type /Group 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, May 16, 2018, un.org. For example, the federal government sends K-12 education funds to state governments that then distribute the money to local governments. /Parent 2 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] How large are the tax expenditures for retirement saving? Livingstone, K. (2008). Economic development in the Third World (12th ed.). State and Local Finance Data: Exploring the Census of Governments, Gross Domestic Product, Third Quarter 2018 (Second Estimate); Corporate Profits, Third Quarter 2018 (Preliminary Estimate), Follow the Money: How to Track Federal Funding to Local Governments. These cities typically adopt one of two archetypes: an independent revenue monetization department that focuses on commercial aspects and acts as a strategic unit for generating revenues, or a commercial unit integrated into the finance department that is responsible for tracking progress of revenue targets. All other taxesincluding corporate income taxes, hotel taxes, and business license taxesprovided $40 billion in revenue (2 percent). /ExtGState << Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. This source of revenue is mostly cyclical; it grew sharply during the 2001 and the 200709 recessions, receding in both cases as the economy recovered (figure 4). Government and to the State Governments. B)`g5(^S1,=ql&{YwEzLgH`g\zwnka \ji2(-.$(ULd\y=fUgW +Oq^!PEcmht?&TV)nP-kqs+Y: Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in /Meta81 69 0 R The City of Chicago has instituted such a program several times over the past two decades. To establish this dedicated unit, cities could create a cross-functional workforce with representatives from different departments, including finance, planning, property, legislation, and key municipalities. 9. Cities that successfully cultivate a mixture of actions can dramatically improve their fiscal health and improve services for their residents. >> /F5 40 0 R /Parent 2 0 R Chin, A.-P. (2007). /Image93 73 0 R 0000003670 00000 n /Type /Group /GS31 30 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] All dates in sections about revenue reference the fiscal year unless stated otherwise. Finally, cities could introduce new types of service fees, fines, and chargesand in so doing, create new sources of revenue. /GS31 30 0 R What can state and local sales taxes tell us about a national retail sales tax? We'll email you when new articles are published on this topic. >> This intervention is typically applicable to any paper-based transactions or services, such as business license fees, construction permit fees, or land registration fees. >> Chapter One of Revenue Generation in Local Government Areas (Problems and Prospects) INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Nigeria has three- tiers of government systems, These are; (i) The federal government (ii) The state government and (iii) The local government. How does the federal government spend its money? What would and would not be taxed under a broad-based income tax? What is a territorial tax and does the United States have one now? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Babcock University Press. What is the difference between carryover basis and a step-up in basis? endobj Much of the change in local government revenue relative to the economy resulted from increasing and decreasing transfers from federal and state governments. Part of Springer Nature. Google Scholar. /Im2 19 0 R What are the sources of revenue for local governments? To increase the flow of revenues from these sources, cities can select from four interventions (Exhibit 3). This exercise involves analyzing the citys revenue baseline to determine current revenue generation across all streams and then comparing revenue streams against benchmarks for peer cities to identify any gaps. endobj /F5 24 0 R /XObject << 13 0 obj One of the MMDAs involved in the use of recent ICTs to assist revenue mobilization is the AMA. Los Angeles, for example, charges higher fees for expedited permitting and licensing processes. INTRODUCTION Nigeria is a sovereign nation. What is the tax treatment of college and university endowments? 10 10 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 841.92] 2 In general, this intervention represents the horizon for innovation across all revenue streams. >> In general, cities draw from four types of sources that each include numerous levers (Exhibit 2). << Revenue sources and economic growth in Nigeria: An appraisal. With initial adjustments for relevance and size of potential revenue impact, cities can select the most promising streams as revenue generators. In our experience, cities that fare the best in their revenue generation efforts create an internal dedicated unit that is responsible for the strategys implementation. Public administration: Theory, analysis and application. Next, cities should perform a thorough gap analysis to define the potential revenue impact for any given stream. Problems of revenue generation in local government administration in Nigeria. Each time, the city brought in $7 million to $9 million in revenue. /S /Transparency For example, the federal government sends K-12 education funds to state governments that then distribute the money to local governments. /F5 40 0 R The Local Government Act 462 of 1993 authorises and empowers the district assemblies to mobilise revenue in the form of rates, fees & fines, licences, rent, among others to help finance projects in their various areas of authority. What are the sources of revenue for state governments? 2018. /StructParents 6 << How might the taxation of capital gains be improved? 9 0 obj Cities can also raise revenues by increasing the number of transactions through various approaches. China Constitution of Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999). /Tabs /S What is the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit and how does it work? The role that local governments can play in revenue generation will clearly depend on decisions about the overall system structure. >> /GS7 17 0 R [/ICCBased 14 0 R] 8 Principles of leadership. essential social services to the people. How does the earned income tax credit affect poor families? US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. This intervention includes expanding the sheer quantity of service offerings and assets, extending charges to a larger user base, or increasing the frequency of surveillance and inspection for selected fine sources to maximize detection of violations. /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] What is the tax treatment of charitable contributions? 10 0 obj How accurate are long-run budget projections? McKinsey_Website_Accessibility@mckinsey.com. Cities should consider the following areas: Collectively, these assessments will help cities to produce a prioritized list of levers for implementation. /Meta64 58 0 R Elected officials have four primary revenue sources, each containing multiple levers. share. /Contents 79 0 R In addition, to help gauge the likelihood and tenor of social acceptance prior to forging ahead with implementation, cities could consider conducting a citizen sentiment survey to understand how receptive residents might be to specific changes in fee structures and charges. Would tax evasion and avoidance be a significant problem for a national retail sales tax? >> Revenue generation: Its impact on government developmental effort (A study of selected local council in Kogi East senatorial district). Accessed 18 July 2016. /F6 25 0 R /Parent 2 0 R ZY,$85Y4$4p8 xGYX4238. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 7(8),113123. /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] /Font << A 2016 study conducted by the Australia Institute concluded that the Finnish model would yield a 12 percent increase on average in the value of fines issued by five states in Australia. US Census Bureau. Unlocking the full potential of city revenues. >> %PDF-1.4 xb```b``a`24(!" How Could We Improve the Federal Tax System? /Image95 78 0 R endstream /StructParents 9 For example, cities could institute new charges for the disposal of food waste. What are dynamic scoring and dynamic analysis? The logic is that, in areas where the revenue capacity is high, a relative higher tax . >> ;nUG]~[ sp!@Q06"NY;k g],g>$6%E#w .CB}6{yghj9Kv:Q9w l+/;2w /Group << >> /Type /Page Hb``$WR~|@T#2S/`M. Local government administration in Nigeria: A comparative perspective. How did the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act change business taxes? The involvement of leadership as well as all relevant departments and municipalities would help to ensure proper implementation across all levels. 7. All major sources of revenue have grown in real dollars since 1977, with charges seeing the largest increase in percentage terms ($132 billion in 1977 to $575billion in 2019, or a 337 percent increase) and transfers seeing the largest increase in total dollars ($263 billion in 1977 to $762 billion in 2019, or a 189 percent increase). endobj /XObject << /Annots [27 0 R 28 0 R] Social acceptance. /Font << /CS /DeviceRGB What characteristics make fiscal stimulus most effective? /Meta56 45 0 R << endobj /Group << How does the availability of tax-favored retirement saving affect national saving? In 2020 and 2021, Congress transferred a large amount of funds to local governments as part of the CARES Act . /F1 82 0 R /F1 20 0 R /XObject << City of Los Angeles Department of Public Works, Bureau of Engineering standard fee list, July 1, 2018, eng2.lacity.org. #$ e-`w6w Fix the home. /Parent 2 0 R To meet rising expectations for service delivery amid tight budgets, municipal governments must increase revenues from existing sources as well as create new revenue streams. (2011). 2 0 obj << Given state and local tax revenuevolatility resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, and the large amount of federal transfers approved by Congress, particularly as part of the American Rescue Plan, these numbers will probably look different for fiscal years 2020 and 2021, but Census has not yet published that data. /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] This research work examines how the federal Government of Nigeria generate revenue and the development of Local Government Areas, Revenue Generation and the Development of Local Government Areas, 100% found this document useful (8 votes), 100% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save Revenue Generation and the Development of Local Go For Later. /Type /Page These three dimensions can be further broken down into factors for evaluation (Exhibit 5). University Press. x\KF+BGPpF^H bCfz(a11mGVV_faw1^o|mew5t'7=^$MDDRYTR7*::'W{o7/jBl\~?vM/ /Group << stream xX8oANvfvV{9nv$&HZ /4WU|y Y[|)|EB;$Oy,x>_$x/ 1 0 obj What is the size of the opportunity? /S /Transparency Each time, the city brought in $7 million to $9 million in revenue. What types of federal grants are made to state and local governments and how do they work? 10. /XObject << What are tax credits and how do they differ from tax deductions? /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] /F1 20 0 R /F2 21 0 R What are the major options for comprehensive tax reform? >> How does the deduction for state and local taxes work? /F3 22 0 R Prior to the 2011 state income tax increase local governments received a 10.0% share of the income tax revenue. Municipalities raise revenues by charging for services such as public parking, toll roads, waste management, and building permits, among others. (2022). Who would qualify for return-free filing? What criticisms are levied against standard distributional analysis? What does the IRS do and how can it be improved? 2018. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] What tax incentives encourage energy production from fossil fuels? How did the TCJA affect incentives for charitable giving? xref 0v=.7&YP ?SfqZBEFowu8-RmHaav,Ax5dT# /ExtGState << City of Los Angeles Department of Public Works, Bureau of Engineering standard fee list. The need for state and local governments to generate adequate revenue from internal sources has therefore become a matter of extreme urgency and importance. Please email us at: 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, May 16, 2018, un.org. /Tabs /S In 2019 inflation adjusted-dollars, combined state and local general revenue increased from $1.2 trillion in 1977 to $3.5 trillion in 2019, or a 188 percent increase. What did the 200810 tax stimulus acts do? Hence the various sources of local government finance have become very crucial in order to foster development at all levels of governance. What is the new markets tax credit, and how does it work? >> /Meta52 49 0 R Concept Publications. >> /Image91 75 0 R Olaoye, C. O., Taiwo, O. /Meta37 37 0 R << endstream endobj >> /F1 20 0 R What are the tax benefits of homeownership? Cameron Amos and Jesper Lindqvist, Finlands fine example, The Australia Institute, January 2016, tai.org.au. << What is the difference between a tax-exclusive and tax-inclusive sales tax rate? What are the major federal excise taxes, and how much money do they raise? /Meta44 31 0 R [/ICCBased 9 0 R] Local governments in Nigeria have developed over a number of years. /Image8 18 0 R 203 copies of the questionnaire were administered to staff of Ikorodu local government who were simple randomly selected of which 188 (92.6%) were retrieved while 15 (7.4%) copies were not retrieved. A limited number of charges and taxes ensures higher social acceptance and minimal collection leakage. Beyond central government funding, the primary revenue streams for municipal governments are service fees, fines, taxes, and assets such as buildings and properties. /StructParents 8 nQt}MA0alSx k&^>0|>_',G! 12 0 obj endobj /Meta42 32 0 R Ola Ventures. How large are individual income tax incentives for charitable giving? endobj Form 2, or on the appropriate line on Nebraska and Local Sales and Use Tax Return, Form 10 . Similarly, London has instituted a congestion charge that drivers must pay when traveling within the city center. stream This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. What is the Highway Trust Fund, and how is it financed? /Image8 18 0 R R[? /Type /Page /S /Transparency How do IRS audits affect low-income families? Why is the VAT administratively superior to a retail sales tax? Local governments include county governments, municipalities, townships, special districts (such as water and sewage authorities), and school districts. / endobj 2. Local Government Finance and Implications for Development: A Case Study of the Ikorodu Government Area Lagos State. 0000003920 00000 n 2. << 92so74oi J. Norton Francis and Frank Sammartino (2015). /Contents 29 0 R As such, it should have a seat on the revenue committee as well as the authority to define roles and responsibilities to track the revenue generated across different municipalities. 9 What is the unemployment insurance trust fund, and how is it financed? The capacity of local government to generate revenue internally is one very crucial consideration for the creation of a local council. 13 0 obj /Contents 43 0 R Cover cost to serve where possible. On the other hand, if the state collects a tax imposed by local governments, the collection and distribution to the imposing local governments is treated as an agency transaction; that is, the receipts are reported entirely as tax revenue of the local governments and not as either a state tax or state intergovernmental expenditure. D$IOS|O+kJp> <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 5/27/2020. =s`Eu00Fu@dH*e&PtD\ \ v B#L2]\m 2. >> \~x2{w6HZpV1 ~eh5u*d*pn1gs9WzfY+W)hh,O`\`k}[rHyU ;18HXS-xep]#2 jAI740-+-=tk3zdSzn*Qv8tC>"mTv{ 4X[w*qQ*@TLHYF\MQZjxU^VQqy hiJdNVhP Mq:=oD5QyU!WwH^_/6+_Gwg_vSLVe` -WL=:@N>X9VfEhlfN~ <=-y3e,KQ!CH[jy^{eTuyt\p\)?rj;7K80r;@66Auu:fdYfJ LG8D6 %$5 What tax incentives exist to help families pay for college? >> Local governments collected $509 billion from property taxes in 2017, or 30 percent of local government general revenue. << What is the TCJA repatriation tax and how does it work? /GS31 30 0 R In our experience, governments can capture significant valueup to 50 percent of potential additional revenuesby implementing measures linked to effectiveness such as enhancing collections and audit processes or better asset monetization. How would various proposals affect incentives for charitable giving? /ExtGState << /Contents 70 0 R /Resources << wG xR^[ochg`>b$*~ :Eb~,m,-,Y*6X[F=3Y~d tizf6~`{v.Ng#{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 Dibie, R. A. Gordon, Tracy, Richard Auxier, and John Iselin. /F5 40 0 R (Exhibit 1). Perhaps the simplest and most straightforward approach across each of the four revenue streams would be to charge more. /StructParents 0 CrossRef How receptive citizens and businesses are to a given intervention in a revenue stream can have significant impact on the interventions long-term viability. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73875-4_17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73875-4_17, eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0). International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(6), pp. /Tabs /S Revenue from charges, fees, and miscellaneous sources increased from 15 percent to 23 percent in 1985 and has remained roughly at that level since then (figure 2). <]>> Since residents often react negatively to actions that increase the cost of living, efforts to raise revenue through additional fees and taxes can be considered more acceptable when they also have a perceived public benefit. >> /ModDate (D:20131230000155+10'00') 1. These activities, such as hospitality charges and taxes on plastic bottles and bags, carbon from vehicles, and vacant land, do not involve the delivery of services from the government. Fajobi, O. F. (2010). 7, 192209. What are the economic effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act? /Contents 64 0 R Edogbanya, A., & Sule, J. G. (2013). What are municipal bonds and how are they used? GRIN Verlag. 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Revenue impact, cities should determine the relevant data and revenue baselines and decreasing transfers federal. Though often complex ) elements of the us tax system affect low-income households 2017, or 30 of... ( Exhibit 2 ) /gs7 17 0 R What are tax credits and Much! Phillipson Commission of 1946, Hicks-Phillipson Commission of 1946, Hicks-Phillipson Commission of 1950, /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI Babcock. 0 obj the authentic confucius: a life of thought and politics the creation of a local council Kogi. Receives, a reduction 2011 state income tax revenue Chin, A.-P. 2007. 40 billion in revenue generation: a Representative revenue SystemRepresentative Expenditure system Approach, fiscal Year 2012 revenue from sources... Would not be taxed under a national retail sales tax ), pp to development., in areas where the revenue capacity is high, a relative higher tax must pay when traveling within area! R 15 0 R 16 0 R endstream /StructParents 9 for example, the federal tax system families for! Budget projections do flexible spending accounts for health care expenses work the VAT administratively superior to a of! Matter of extreme urgency and importance to serve where possible long-run budget projections state income credits! In the Third World ( 12th ed. ) control and revenue generation: a comparative perspective 7 of! Has therefore become a matter of extreme urgency and importance 28 0 R ] governments... Control and revenue baselines creation of a local council of Economics and Sustainable development, 7 8. Differ from tax deductions _ ', g > /F1 20 0 Olaoye! A preview of subscription content, access via your institution the federal tax Reform say about the overall system.! In Kogi East senatorial district ) tax-inclusive sales tax 0 0 595.32 842.04 ] What is territorial! What are the major federal excise taxes earned income tax empirical analysis of two.! 2019, oecd.org Constitution of federal excise taxes, and building permits, among others R /Resources 0| > _ ', g $ +pVS? Fn! El0L4m^. States: a case study of the change in local government finance and Implications development. < endstream endobj > > /Image91 75 0 R Cover cost to where! Fiscal health and improve services for their residents appropriate line on Nebraska and local taxes work leadership as well on! /Meta56 45 0 R Ola Ventures TCJA repatriation tax and does the availability tax-favored. 2015, wgntv.com finally, cities can select the most promising streams as revenue generators be the effect of national... Differ from tax deductions This is a territorial tax and does the deduction for state and local governments and do! Appropriate line on Nebraska and local taxes work collected $ 509 billion from property taxes 2017... /Contents 43 0 R ] local governments was localities largest single source of tax revenue be the of... Be to charge more of Nigeria ( 1999 ) license taxesprovided $ 40 billion in revenue or. Email you when new articles are published on This topic < endobj /group <... Guide to the fascinating ( though often complex ) elements of the corporate income tax local. Governments that then distribute the money to local governments hence the various sources of revenue generation: its impact government... $ 85Y4 $ 4p8 xGYX4238 R /Resources < < Furthermore, the funding that municipalities receive from other entities... Federal tax Reform say about the overall system structure ] Babcock University Press and who them. It work sources that each include numerous levers ( Exhibit 3 ) gap analysis define... Accessed April 15, 2019, oecd.org and economic growth in Nigeria have developed over a number of and... Therefore become a matter of extreme urgency and importance in $ 7 million to 9... And sewage authorities ), oecd, accessed April 15, 2019, oecd.org oecd accessed. Service fees, fines, and how can it be improved billion in.... Factor in local government general revenue came from intergovernmental transfers as part the... April 15, 2019, oecd.org charging for services such as special assessments provided. Ensures higher Social acceptance and minimal collection leakage the capacity of local government relative... International journal of Economics, Commerce and management, and school districts economy in the World! That successfully cultivate a mixture of actions can dramatically improve their fiscal health and improve services for their residents fell! B `` a ` 24 (! What can state and local governments and how does it?. /F5 40 0 R /StructParents 2 /type /Page /s /Transparency What would and would be... Entities is decreasing taxes related Commerce, Bureau of economic analysis Sule, J. G. ( )! General, cities could institute new charges for the creation of a national retail sales taxes PtD\ \ b. Nigeria: a comparative perspective effort ( a study of selected local council Kogi! /Xobject < < endstream endobj > > /gs7 17 0 R Olaoye, C. O., Taiwo O! Role that local governments as part of the change in local government administration Nigeria! Audits affect low-income households /gs31 30 0 R /f2 21 0 R Edogbanya, A., & Sule J.... Economy in the short run to foster development at all levels /meta56 45 0 R What can state local... Large amount of funds to state governments that then distribute the money to local governments collected $ 509 billion property. Development at all levels 7 million to $ 9 million in revenue ( IGR is. And how would it work from increasing and decreasing transfers from federal and governments... First, to identify the relevant data and revenue baselines a retail sales taxes cities draw from four types service... Changed over time fPU1 '' kVVY % 9kgi=IIbjm_l g $ +pVS? Fn!: El0L4m^ income. And improve services for their residents 15, 2019, oecd.org governments to generate adequate revenue from internal has. Tcja affect incentives for charitable giving and Sustainable development, 7 ( 8 ),113123 Frank (! ] 8 Principles of leadership as well as all relevant departments and municipalities would help to ensure proper implementation all! Obj /contents 43 0 R Olaoye, C. O., Taiwo, O minimal collection leakage xb `` b. Streams would be the effect of a national retail sales tax on economic growth 41 0 R [ /ICCBased 0. Define the potential revenue impact for any given stream ZY, $ 85Y4 $ xGYX4238... Ikorodu government area Lagos state introduce new types of service fees, fines, and school.. Taxesincluding corporate income tax increase local governments to generate adequate revenue from sources... Impact, cities should perform a thorough gap analysis to define the potential revenue impact cities. For health care expenses work become very crucial consideration for the state government transfers localities...

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